The differences between Japan and India regarding benefits enjoyed in the workplace can be briefly summarized in the following six points.
1. Coverage and Compensation for Workplace Accident Insurance
Japan: Covers all workers (including agricultural and domestic workers); occupational diseases and death from overwork are also covered.
India: only industrial enterprises with 20 or more employees are covered, agriculture and commerce are excluded, compensation rates are low (only 2/3 of pre-injury wages), and there are delays in implementation.
2. Paid leave and health protection
Japan: annual paid vacation (at least 10 days), paid sick leave for work-related injuries, strict limits on overtime work (no more than 45 hours per month), and universal health insurance coverage for rehabilitation therapy.
India: leave systems are poorly implemented, the informal sector is often not guaranteed, medical resources are unevenly distributed, and the problem of overwork is pronounced.
3. Safety Training and Corporate Responsibility
Japan: There is an extensive training program for companies, and the government provides technical assistance for new employees and special jobs that require certification.
India: lack of investment in training for SMEs, lack of safety knowledge among employees in the informal sector, and high accident rates in the construction and other sectors.
4. Enforcement of regulations and penalties
Japan: strict independent labor inspections, hefty fines for violations (up to about 200 million yen, equivalent to 100 million rupees), emphasis on proactive prevention.
India: inadequate regulatory resources, few inspections in rural and informal sectors, light penalties, accident rates in coal mining and other industries much higher than international levels.
5. Elderly workers and social support
Japan: Optimize the work environment for older workers (e.g., subsidize assistive devices) and complete a rehabilitation system to help them return to work.
India: weak support for rehabilitation of elderly employees and work-related injuries; resources are concentrated in urban areas, with insufficient protection in rural areas.
6. Salary Disparity
Japan: Base salary is 3-6 million yen, monthly salary is around 400,000-600,000 yen.
India: Salaries for technical positions in manufacturing, safety production, etc. are around 1 million rupees per year, and salaries for Japanese positions are high by comparison.

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